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With each rotation, the ATP synthase attaches a phosphate to ADP to produce ATP. These ATP molecules come from glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Describe the function and location of ATP synthase in a prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cell. 2 ATP are usually required to bring the pyruvic acid into the matrix. Biology 2010 Student Edition Chapter 9, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation - 9.2 - The Process of Cellular Respiration - 9.2 Assessment - Page 260 4a | GradeSaver. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor (i. e., the one having the most positive redox potential) at the end of the ETS is an oxygen molecule (O2) that becomes reduced to water (H2O) by the final ETS carrier. Glycolysis does not require oxygen, so it can quickly supply energy to cells when oxygen is unavailable.

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Answer

Citric Acid Production Once pyruvic acid is in the mitochondrial matrix, NAD+ accepts 2 high-energy electrons to form NADH. This flow of hydrogen ions across the membrane, called chemiosmosis, must occur through a channel in the membrane via a membrane-bound enzyme complex called ATP synthase (Figure 8. Citric Acid Production Pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters the matrix, the innermost compartment of the mitochondrion. In reality, the total ATP yield is usually less, ranging from one to 34 ATP molecules, depending on whether the cell is using aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration; in eukaryotic cells, some energy is expended to transport intermediates from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria, affecting ATP yield. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key worksheet. We have just discussed two pathways in glucose catabolism—glycolysis and the Krebs cycle—that generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. One molecule of CO2 is also produced.

Thus, the 10 NADH molecules made per glucose during glycolysis, the transition reaction, and the Krebs cycle carry enough energy to make 30 ATP molecules, whereas the two FADH2 molecules made per glucose during these processes provide enough energy to make four ATP molecules. Directions: Watch the video Energy Consumption: An Overview for a look at the different cellular processes responsible for generating and consuming energy. Compare and contrast the differences between substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key examples. The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle because citric acid is the first compound formed in this series of reactions.

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Worksheet

Cellular Respiration: Electron Transport Chain. The energy of the electrons is harvested to generate an electrochemical gradient across the membrane, which is used to make ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Energy Extraction Each molecule of glucose results in 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, which enter the Krebs cycle. Under aerobic conditions (i. e., oxygen is present), the pyruvate and NADH molecules made during glycolysis move from the cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key lime. The potential energy of this electrochemical gradient generated by the ETS causes the H+ to diffuse across a membrane (the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells and the inner membrane in mitochondria in eukaryotic cells). Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, which becomes a reactant in the Krebs cycle. This 22 slide PowerPoint presentation covers 8 questions on the topic of cellular respiration. However, it usually results in the production of 36 ATP molecules. Carbons are broken down and released as carbon dioxide while ATP is made and electrons are passed to electron carriers, NADH and FADH2. Therefore, electrons move from electron carriers with more negative redox potential to those with more positive redox potential. These carriers can pass electrons along in the ETS because of their redox potential.

Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis. The number of ATP molecules generated from the catabolism of glucose varies. Citric Acid Production Acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule to produce citric acid. Overall, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP made during the complete aerobic respiration of glucose is 38 molecules, with four being made by substrate-level phosphorylation and 34 being made by oxidative phosphorylation (Figure 8. This electron carrier, cytochrome oxidase, differs between bacterial types and can be used to differentiate closely related bacteria for diagnoses. In aerobic respiration in mitochondria, the passage of electrons from one molecule of NADH generates enough proton motive force to make three ATP molecules by oxidative phosphorylation, whereas the passage of electrons from one molecule of FADH2 generates enough proton motive force to make only two ATP molecules. Main points include: respiraton, what happens during respiration, mitochondria, the two stages of respiration, the respiration equation, comparing photosynthesis with respiration, fermentation, and the two types of fermentation. Along the way, ATP (energy for cells) is produced. Learning Objectives. Electron Transport Energy generated by the electron transport chain is used to move H+ ions against a concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the intermembrane space. 2 The Process of Cellular Respiration. So each molecule of glucose results in two complete "turns" of the Krebs cycle.

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Examples

If you like this these notes, you can follow these lin. In prokaryotic cells, H+ is pumped to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (called the periplasmic space in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria), and in eukaryotic cells, they are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space. Cellular respiration begins when electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2—made in glycolysis, the transition reaction, and the Krebs cycle—through a series of chemical reactions to a final inorganic electron acceptor (either oxygen in aerobic respiration or non-oxygen inorganic molecules in anaerobic respiration). I made these as a resource for my students to use while studying and do not use them as guided notes during my instruction, however, I did include a fill-in-the-blanks version for any teacher who'd prefer that style. Watch for a general overview. The turning of the parts of this molecular machine regenerates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by oxidative phosphorylation, a second mechanism for making ATP that harvests the potential energy stored within an electrochemical gradient. Explain the relationship between chemiosmosis and proton motive force. All in all, the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. The Advantages of Glycolysis Glycolysis produces ATP very fast, which is an advantage when the energy demands of the cell suddenly increase.

The tendency for movement in this way is much like water accumulated on one side of a dam, moving through the dam when opened. Most ATP, however, is generated during a separate process called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration. Great for middle school or introductory high school courses. At the end of the electron transport chain, the electrons combine with H+ ions and oxygen to form water. Glycolysis is the first set of reactions that occur during cellular respiration. By the end of this section, you will be able to: - Compare and contrast the electron transport system location and function in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. For example, the gram-negative opportunist Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the gram-negative cholera-causing Vibrio cholerae use cytochrome c oxidase, which can be detected by the oxidase test, whereas other gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, like E. coli, are negative for this test because they produce different cytochrome oxidase types. Lipids and proteins can be broken down into molecules that enter the Krebs cycle or glycolysis at one of several places. Energy Totals The cell can generate ATP from just about any source, even though we've modeled it using only glucose. These notes include Glycolysis, Oxidation of Pyruvate, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Anaerobic Respiration. At this point, try not to worry about the names of compounds or the details of the processes shown.

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Lime

You're Reading a Free Preview. Do both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration use an electron transport chain? The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of cellular respiration. I also think that even if you don't use fill-in-the. Directions: Watch Glycolysis: An Overview to see how glucose is broken down during the process of glycolysis. A large amount of ATP is generated during this stage — 32 ATP molecules to be exact! One possible alternative to aerobic respiration is anaerobic respiration, using an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as a final electron acceptor. There are many types of anaerobic respiration found in bacteria and archaea. In each transfer of an electron through the ETS, the electron loses energy, but with some transfers, the energy is stored as potential energy by using it to pump hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane.

Overall, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. The NADH carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to produce ATP. Equation for Cellular Respiration. Food serves as your source of energy.

However, anaerobic respirers use altered ETS carriers encoded by their genomes, including distinct complexes for electron transfer to their final electron acceptors. Electron transport is a series of chemical reactions that resembles a bucket brigade in that electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed rapidly from one ETS electron carrier to the next.

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