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The war seesawed back and forth. Containment also called for extensive economic aid to assist the recovery of war-torn Western Europe. Dwight D. Eisenhower, who assumed the presidency in 1953, was different from his predecessor. U. S. leaders wanted to maintain the democratic structure they had defended at tremendous cost and to share the benefits of prosperity as widely as possible. Fill them out from the PowerPoint. Car Culture Cars were more affordable due to: –credit –installment plans –Rising incomes Autos boosted entire economy - rubber, steel, gas, nickel, glass, timber - rubber, steel, gas, nickel, glass, timber New industries developed – garages, gas stations, motels, shopping centers – garages, gas stations, motels, shopping centers. Honors US History Guided Notes. In 1950 Truman had authorized the development of a new and more powerful hydrogen weapon.

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They endorsed the growth of government authority and accepted the outlines of the welfare state, first formulated during the New Deal. Unable to forget the specter of the Great Depression (1929-1940), America now fostered its familiar position of free trade, and sought to eliminate trade barriers both to create markets for American agricultural and industrial products, and to ensure the ability of West European nations to export as a means to generate economic growth and rebuild their economies. His once cordial relationship with Eisenhower turned bitter as a result. He offered no solution of his own, however, proposing only a temporary commission to study the issue and a declaration that he would sign no bill attacking organized labor. There had been earlier waves of mergers in the 1890s and in the 1920s; in the 1950s another wave occurred. Guided reading american struggle with postwar issues based. Workers found their own lives changing as industrial America changed. The U. demanded a U. condemnation of Moscow's continued troop presence.

A housing program brought some gains but left many needs unmet. Gross national product, a measure of all goods and services produced in the United States, jumped from about $200 thousand-million in 1940 to $300 thousand-million in 1950 to more than $500 thousand-million in 1960. Harry S. Truman: Domestic Affairs. By September of 1946, Truman's popularity rating had sunk to 32 percent. During the war they had challenged discrimination in the military services and in the work force, and they had made limited gains. Chapter 20 Section 1 : Americans Struggle with Postwar Issues Flashcards. Republicans were willing to risk unemployment to keep inflation in check. Chapter Requirements Read the chapter minimum two times Complete each section review Complete Chapter Assessment pp Complete and understand entire study guide. Truman's popularity plunged to a 24-percent approval rating, the lowest of any president since pollsters began to measure presidential popularity.

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The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), originally formed in 1938 with a mandate to investigate Nazi propaganda, launched an investigation of Hollywood screenwriters and directors in 1947. The Soviets were particularly concerned about another invasion of their territory from the west. The capture and trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg for revealing atomic secrets furthered the perception of a domestic communist danger. But the most vigorous anti-communist warrior was Senator Joseph R. Guided reading american struggle with postwar issues in europe. McCarthy, a Republican from Wisconsin. Other Roosevelt staffers, like special counsel Sam Rosenman and budget director Harold Smith, continued to serve in their positions for a short time.

But the United States had declared the restoration of independence and self-government to Poland, Czechoslovakia and the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe one of its war aims. Consumer goods in high demand were slow to appear on the nation's shelves and in its showrooms, frustrating Americans who desperately wanted to purchase items they had forsaken during the war. Eisenhower's inclination to play a modest role in public often led to legislative stalemate. A war hero, he had a natural, homey manner that made him widely popular. McCarthy was the most vocal congressional proponent of the "Red Scare, " but he was far from its most effective legislator. The Employment Act of 1946 created the CEA to help the President formulate economic policy; liberal Democrats in Congress particularly wanted the CEA to be a preserve for progressives and liberal New Dealers. Guided reading american struggle with postwar issues in virginia. In his January 1947 State of the Union address, he identified the need for legislation to solve the persistent problems of labor unrest and strikes. "Governor Stevenson won the Democratic nomination at the party's convention in July, only to face the formidable Eisenhower in the general election. Taken together, these requests demonstrated an interest in maintaining and building upon the New Deal. Truman vetoed the bill, claiming that it violated civil liberties; Congress easily overrode the veto, however. Tennessee singer Elvis Presley popularized black music in the form of rock and roll, and shocked more staid Americans with his ducktail haircut and undulating hips. That honor fell to Senator Patrick McCarran, a Democrat from Nevada, with whom Truman shared a mutual dislike, owing to a Senate dispute from the late 1930s over the Civil Aeronautics Act. 10 The Roaring Twenties.

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President Harry S. Truman, 1945. The public, moreover, divided over the prospects of an enlarged social welfare state and continued government intervention in the economy; liberal Democrats and key constituents of the Democratic Party supported them, but many other Americans did not. Somewhat surprisingly, mobilization proceeded with few hitches: unemployment stayed low; inflation remained in check, albeit for a sharp, one-time surge in the last half of 1950; the hording of consumer goods subsided quickly; and military production increased. The Allies had divided Korea along the 38th parallel after liberating it from Japan at the end of World War II. Americans of all ages became exposed to increasingly sophisticated advertisements for products said to be necessary for the good life. While dealing with immediately pressing issues, Truman also provided a broader agenda for action.

On the domestic side, the most important addition was the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA). Moreover, public opinion polls showed that most Americans wanted Truman to protect the New Deal, not enlarge it. This preview shows page 1 out of 1 page. In office, Eisenhower and his secretary of state, John Foster Dulles, argued that containment did not go far enough to stop Soviet expansion. Most notably, Attorney General J. Howard McGrath became the center of a corruption scandal which cut into Truman's popularity. It asserted the need for the federal government to secure the rights guaranteed to all citizens. The number of these centers rose from eight at the end of World War II to 3, 840 in 1960. Among its provisions was the promise of "free and unfettered" elections in Poland. The political damage was immense as McCarthy, McCarran, and others charged the administration with being "soft on communism. " Course Hero member to access this document. Ironically, Truman's legislative predicament actually sparked his political comeback. Both men refused his entreaties, with Eisenhower announcing, in January 1952, that he was a Republican.

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Reluctant to stimulate the economy too much, they saw the country suffer three recessions in eight years. More than 1 million black soldiers fought in World War II, but those who came from the South could not vote. As Truman fought for the Fair Deal in 1949, he also battled a fairly severe economic slowdown. He believed in political equality, though not in social equality, and recognized the growing importance of the black urban vote. 9 The United States in World War 1. He called this new society "other-directed, " and maintained that such societies lead to stability as well as conformity. With such changes, labor militancy was undermined and some class distinctions began to fade. The powerpoints will be updated to reflect APUSH. In 1946 the country had fewer than 17, 000 television sets. Developers like William J. Levitt built new communities -- with homes that all looked alike -- using the techniques of mass production. Accusations of corruption had dogged Truman since his earliest days in politics—a charge that was hardly surprising given his association with the Pendergast machine. Blacks in the South enjoyed few, if any, civil and political rights. It also included the Bureau of the Budget, formerly a part of the Treasury Department but, owing to the Executive Reorganization Act of 1939, now housed in the Executive Office of the President. Most scholars agree that the Korean War, battles over economic mobilization, McCarthyism, and the allegations of corruption in his administration sapped his will to run for a third term.

But this scattershot approach often left Truman's priorities unclear. Against the backdrop of the Korean War, Moscow's development of an atomic bomb, the fall of China to the Communists, and news reports of subversion and espionage, the "soft on communism" charge resonated with a jittery American public. An unpretentious man who had previously served as Democratic senator from Missouri, then as vice president, Truman initially felt ill-prepared to govern the United States. Police came and arrested her for violating the segregation statutes. Yet loopholes remained, and so activists pushed successfully for the Civil Rights Act of 1960, which provided stiffer penalties for interfering with voting, but still stopped short of authorizing federal officials to register blacks. But Truman responded quickly to new challenges. Speaking to a crowd of 10, 000, Truman declared that "The only limit to an American's achievement should be his ability, his industry, and his character. "

Workers challenged about past and present associations often had little chance to fight back. In early 1948 Congress voted to assist European economic recovery, dubbed the "Marshall Plan, " and generally regarded as one of the most successful U. foreign policy initiatives in history. The Soviet Union had its own agenda. For more details, see Campaigns and Elections. In the 1960s, politically active students protested the nation's role abroad, particularly in the corrosive war in Vietnam, and a youth counterculture challenged the status quo of American values. "I'm not big enough for this job, " he told a former colleague. In practice, however, Eisenhower deployed U. military forces with great caution, resisting all suggestions to consider the use of nuclear weapons in Indochina, where the French were ousted by Vietnamese communist forces in 1954, or in Taiwan, where the United States pledged to defend the Nationalist Chinese regime against attack by the People's Republic of China. In 1948 Alger Hiss, who had been an assistant secretary of state and an adviser to Roosevelt at Yalta, was accused of being a communist spy by Whitaker Chambers, a former Soviet agent. The New Deal and the war years highlighted the increasingly important and powerful role that a President's staff played in policymaking. Discrimination at home impeded the effort to win friends in other parts of the world. Was his action justified?

Moscow used its military power to support the efforts of the communist parties in Eastern Europe and crush the democratic parties.

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